Chemistry
Chapters
1. Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
Mole concept, stoichiometry, empirical and molecular formula, concentration units.
2. Atomic Structure
Bohr model, dual nature, quantum numbers, orbitals, Aufbau, Hund, Pauli.
3. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic, covalent, hybridisation, VSEPR, MOT, hydrogen bonding.
4. Chemical Thermodynamics
First law, enthalpy, Hess's law, second law, entropy, Gibbs free energy.
5. Solutions
Concentration, vapour pressure, Raoult's law, colligative properties, ideal vs non-ideal.
6. Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier, ionic equilibrium, pH, buffer, solubility product.
7. Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Oxidation states, balancing redox, conductance, Nernst, Faraday's laws, electrolysis, batteries.
8. Chemical Kinetics
Rate law, order, molecularity, integrated rate equations, Arrhenius equation, half-life.
9. Classification of Elements and Periodicity
Periodic law, atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, periodic trends.
10. p-Block Elements
Group 13–18 chemistry: trends, important compounds, anomalies.
11. d-Block and f-Block Elements
Transition metal trends, lanthanides, actinides, coloured ions, magnetic properties.
12. Coordination Compounds
Werner, IUPAC nomenclature, crystal field theory, isomerism, applications.
13. Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds
Crystallisation, distillation, chromatography, qualitative analysis, empirical formula.
14. Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Hybridisation, IUPAC naming, isomerism, electron movement, inductive/resonance/hyperconjugation.
15. Hydrocarbons
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, mechanisms, aromaticity, electrophilic substitution.
16. Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
SN1/SN2, E1/E2, alkyl/aryl halides, important reactions.
17. Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
Alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives.
18. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Amines, diazonium salts, cyanides, isocyanides; nitro compounds.
19. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones.
20. Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
Detection of elements and functional groups, qualitative salt analysis.